Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital Heart Disease: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Congenital Heart Disease?

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a group of birth defects that affect the structure and function of the heart. These defects can range from mild to severe, and they can affect any part of the heart, including the chambers, valves, and blood vessels.

CHD is one of the most common birth defects, affecting about 1 in 100 babies. It is the leading cause of death in infants less than 1 year old.

What Causes Congenital Heart Disease?

The exact cause of CHD is often unknown. However, there are a number of risk factors that can increase the chance of a baby being born with a heart defect. These risk factors include:

• Family history of CHD
• Certain genetic conditions, such as Down syndrome
• Certain maternal infections, such as rubella
• Certain medications taken during pregnancy, such as isotretinoin
• Maternal diabetes
• Maternal obesity
• Smoking during pregnancy

How is Congenital Heart Disease Diagnosed?

CHD is often diagnosed before birth. During a routine ultrasound, the doctor may see signs of a heart defect. After birth, a physical exam and echocardiogram (a type of ultrasound that uses sound waves to create images of the heart) can be used to confirm the diagnosis.

In some cases, CHD may not be diagnosed until later in childhood or adulthood. This is usually because the defect is mild and does not cause any symptoms.

How is Congenital Heart Disease Treated?

The treatment for CHD depends on the type and severity of the defect. Some defects can be treated with medication, while others require surgery. In some cases, a combination of medication and surgery may be needed.

Treatment for CHD is often successful. With proper care, most children with CHD can live long and healthy lives.

How Can I Prevent Congenital Heart Disease?

There is no sure way to prevent CHD. However, there are a number of things that pregnant women can do to reduce their risk of having a baby with a heart defect. These things include:

• Getting vaccinated against rubella
• Taking folic acid before and during pregnancy
• Avoiding alcohol and smoking during pregnancy
• Eating a healthy diet
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Managing chronic conditions, such as diabetes

If you are pregnant, it is important to follow these recommendations to reduce your risk of having a baby with CHD.